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dont tell me that these are proteins....:horror:horror:horror

beta-Alanine

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ß-Alanine
Beta-alanine structure.svg
IUPAC name
[show]
3-Aminopropanoic acid
Other names ß-Alanine
3-Aminopropionic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 107-95-9 Yes check.svgY
PubChem 239
EC-number 203-536-5
SMILES
[show]
O=C(O)CCN
InChI
[show]
1/C3H7NO2/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1-2,4H2,(H,5,6)
InChI key UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYAL
ChemSpider ID 234
Properties[1][2]
Molecular formula C3H7NO2
Molar mass 89.09 g mol-1
Appearance Bipyramidal crystals
Density 1.437 g/cm3 (19 ºC)
Melting point

207 °C decomp.
Solubility in water soluble
Yes check.svgY (what is this?) (verify)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

ß-Alanine (or beta-alanine) is a naturally occurring beta amino acid, which are amino acids in which the amino group is at the ß-position from the carboxylate group (i.e., two atoms away, see Figure 1). The IUPAC name for ß-alanine would be 3-aminopropionic acid. Unlike its normal counterpart, a-alanine, ß-alanine has no chiral center.

ß-Alanine is not used in the biosynthesis of any major proteins or enzymes. It is formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. It is a component of the naturally occurring peptides carnosine and anserine and also of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) which itself is a component of coenzyme A. Under normal conditions, ß-alanine is metabolized into acetic acid.

ß-Alanine is the rate-limiting precursor of carnosine, which is to say carnosine levels are limited by the amount of available ß-alanine. Supplementation with ß-alanine has been shown to increase the concentration of carnosine in muscles, decrease fatigue in athletes and increase total muscular work done.[3][4]
Figure 1: Comparison of ß-alanine with the more customary (chiral) amino acid, L-a-alanine

Typically studies have used supplementing strategies of multiple doses of 400 mg or 800 mg, administered at regular intervals for up to eight hours, over periods ranging from 4 to 10 weeks.[4][5] After a 10 week supplementing strategy, the reported increase in intramuscular carnosine content was an average of 80.1% (range 18 to 205%).[4]

L-Histidine, with a pKa of 6.1 is a relatively weak buffer over the physiological intramuscular pH range. However, when bound to other amino acids this increases nearer to 6.8-7.0. In particular, when bound to ß-alanine the pKa value is 6.83,[6] making this a very efficient intramuscular buffer. Furthermore, because of the position of the beta amino group, ß-alanine dipeptides are not incorporated proteins and thus can be stored at relatively high concentrations (millimolar). Occurring at 17-25 mmol/kg (dry muscle),[7] carnosine (ß-alanyl-L-histidine) is an important intramuscular buffer, constituting 10-20% of the total buffering capacity in type I and II muscle fibres.

ß-Alanine, provided in solution or as powder in gelatine capsules, however, causes paraesthesia when ingested in amounts above 10 mg per kg body weight (bwt).[5] This is variable between individuals. Symptoms may be experienced by some individuals as mild even at 10 mg per kg bwt, in a majority as significant at 20 mg per kg bwt, and severe at 40 mg per kg bwt.[5] However, an equivalent amount (equimolar) to 40 mg per kg bwt, ingested in the form of histidine containing dipeptides in chicken broth extract, did not cause paraesthesia.[5]

It is probable that the paraesthesia, a form of neuropathic pain, results from high peak blood-plasma concentrations of ß-alanine since greater quantities, ingested in the form of the ß-alanine / histidine (or methylhistidine) containing dipeptides (i.e. carnosine and anserine) in meat, do not cause the same symptoms. In this case the ß-alanine absorption profile is flattened but sustained for a longer period of time,[5] whereas, the ß-alanine samples in the studies were administered as gelatine capsules containing powder. This resulted in plasma concentrations rising rapidly, peaking within 30 to 45 minutes, and being eliminated after 90 to 120 minutes. The paraesthesia caused is no indication of efficacy since the published studies undertaken so far have utilised doses of 400 mg or 800 mg at a time to avoid the paraesthesia. Furthermore, excretion of ß-alanine in urine accounted for 0.60%(+/-0.09), 1.50%(+/-0.40) and 3.64%(+/-0.47) of the administered doses of 10, 20, or 40 mg per kg body weight,[5] indicating greater losses occurring with increasing dosage.

Even though much weaker than glycine (and thus with a debated role as a physiological transmitter), ß-alanine is an agonist next in activity to the cognate ligant glycine itself, for strychnine-sensitive inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyRs) (the agonist order: glycine >> ß-alanine > taurine >> alanine, L-serine > proline).[8]

A high potency artificial sweetener, called suosan, is derived from beta-alanine[9].
 
Got a couple of goodies...

Evil Ash from a board member; really cool figure. Surprised I never got one, but glad to finally have him in the collection:
purchb.jpg


Barada; now I'm around 9 figures from a complete loose set of Vintage Kenner SW figures :rock :rock :rock
purcha.jpg
 
Gentle Giant Scout Trooper and Speederbike statue:


9ktdn9.jpg





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Fantastic !!! congratulations it is one of the most beautiful pieces :chew
 
Something about those two that kinda goes together. All you need is Nikto and Klaatu! :D

Yes, what could it be... what could it be...

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Which is funny as I have them both in the vintage Kenner line and the 1/6 Day the Earth Stood Still figures :lol

nice addition.... a very underrated figure imo....:)

Have to agree... which was one of the reasons I never got him. But honestly, a very well made figure. And the weathering is particularly good for a figure this old.
 
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Yes, what could it be... what could it be... <object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="https://www.youtube.com/v/XkiktYPROa0&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="https://www.youtube.com/v/XkiktYPROa0&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object> Which is funny as I have them both in the vintage Kenner line and the 1/6 Day the Earth Stood Still figures :lol Have to agree... which was one of the reasons I never got him. But honestly, a very well made figure. And the weathering is particularly good for a figure this old.
Evil Ash is on my "to get list". Great figure. Congrats. :duff
 
Got a couple of goodies...

Evil Ash from a board member; really cool figure. Surprised I never got one, but glad to finally have him in the collection:
purchb.jpg

As stated, GREAT FIGURE! I never picked up the Ash because I didn't care for the likeness and I sadly missed out on the Smart but I am happy to own Evil Ash. Great sculpt and great accessories... Once I can get my setup going again, Evil Ash will be leading my Dead army to victory!!! :rock
 
I'm wondering if the crappyness of the regular Ash figure hurt this one? S-Mart is another awesome figure... I have a loose one, but honestly I'd love to get one with the box. Some of the coolest packaging Sideshow ever did.
 
Yes, what could it be... what could it be...

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.

Video is about right. After the great from the intro till after he is out of the well hole and when he is getting the book of the dead. Other than that, the rest of the movie blows ass.
 
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